ConferenceSeries Ltd organizes conference all around the world in 2016 here we welcome you to the 2^ndInternational Conference on Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders during December 05-07, 2016 at Phoenix, USA.

Parkinson’s disease is the 14^th leading cause of death in the United States. The number of people in the United States with Parkinson’s disease is estimated to be as 1.5 million. Approximately 60,000 Americans are newly diagnosed each year. Some early-onset diagnoses are linked to specific gene mutations. Total risk for the disease is between 2 % and 5 % if no family members have a known gene mutation. About 15 % to 25 % of people with Parkinson’s have a relative with the disease.

Track 1: Epidemiology of Parkinsons disease

PD is the second most typical neurodegenerative disorder and manifests as bradykinesia, rigidity, posture instability and resting tremor. Although the disease symptomatology can be well controlled by levodopa, deep brain stimulation and related medications, the etiology of PD remains obscure. Estimated prevalence rates and costs were applied to the U.S. Census Bureaus from 2010 to 2050 population data to estimate current and projected burden based on changing demographics. We estimate approximately 630,000 people in the United States had diagnosed PD in 2010, with diagnosed prevalence will be double by 2040. The national economic burden of PD exceeds $14.4 billion in 2010. The population with Parkinson’s disease incurred medical expenses of approximately $14 billion in 2010, $8.1 billion higher than expected for a similar population without PD. Indirect costs is conservatively estimated at $6.3 billion.

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Track 2: Neuromuscular Disorders

Neuromuscular disorders could be a general term that refers to diseases that affect any part of the nerve and muscle. These disorders vary consistent with characteristics like pattern of inheritance, origin of the genetic mutation, age of onset, symptoms, rate of progression, incidence and prognosis. Each year, 750,000 people in US experiences a stroke and 11,000 suffer a spinal cord injury. 500,000 Americans currently live with cerebral palsy, 270,000 with multiple sclerosis and 5.3 million with the after-effects of a traumatic brain injury, and thousands more with movement disorders like ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other conditions that rob them of their ability to move their muscles and, in several cases, live independently.

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Track 3: Neurocognitive Disorders

Neurocognitive disorder occurs possibly due to PD, with behavioral disturbance. Parkinson disease has staging system that can help to determine when the illness has become severely debilitating and end-of-life care. According to the United Nations projections, between the years 2000 to 2050 the number of individuals over 65 years of age will exceed 1.1 billion worldwide. In developed countries alone will increase from 13.5 million to 36.7 million. Cognitive function can be the most troubling symptoms in PD.

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Track 4: Risk factors for Parkinsons disease

The Parkinsons disease shows more than 75% will show signs of dementia and affects between .05%–1% of people aged 65–69 and 1%–3% over 80. More common in men than women, 25%–40% it is caused by loss of dopamine causes tremors and rigid movements. Dopamine is key to the control of movement. It can involve psychological symptoms like depression, anxiety, apathy, cognitive problems, hallucinations, and delusions.

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Track 5: Pathophysiology and Neuropharmacology

The most prominent pathological lesion observed in PD occurs in the basal ganglia of the brain’s extra-pyramidal system. The disease is characterized by a gradual loss of pigmented cells, mainly in the compact zone of the substantia nigra. These pigmented cells produce and store the neurotransmitter dopamine. The global prevalence of Parkinson disease is projected to grow to 2.89 million cases worldwide by 2022.

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Track 6: Diagnostic and Neuroimaging for Parkinson Disease

There is no accurate diagnosis/ test for Parkinson's disease, but it can find by using various symptoms and diagnostic tests used in combination. The most important diagnostic tool for PD is PET and DAT scans. CT, or computed tomography, uses X-rays and computers to produce images of inside the body including the brain. This test is used to look for signs of Parkinson's in the body; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that produces very clear pictures, or images, of the human body without the use of X-rays. Instead of MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce these images.

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Track 7: Parkinson Disease: Complications

PD is not fatal, but it can reduce longevity. The disease progresses more quickly in older patients, and may lead to severe incapacity within 10 - 20 years. The most common complication in PD are Thinking difficulties, Depression and  Blood pressure changes, emotional changes, Swallowing problems, Sleep problems and sleep disorders, Bladder problems, Constipation, Smell dysfunction, Fatigue, Pain, Sexual dysfunction and Bowel and Bladder Complications.

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Track 8: Managing life with Parkinson Disease

Managing Parkinson's disease is often difficult, but it's nothing you can't handle. Tips for managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are Exercise, Nutrition, Diet and Sleep. Living with Parkinson's disease can bring about a wide range of emotions, from the shock of diagnosing to depression, anger, frustration with physical challenges.

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Track 9: Mood, cognition and psychosis in Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease is slow progressive neurological disorder, or disorder of the brain. It affects roughly 1.5 million Americans, more than Muscular Dystrophy and Multiple Sclerosis combined. PD is diagnosed in one out of every 100 people over the age of 60. Mood changes involve depression and/or anxiety. It has been thought that up to 50% of PD patients experience a mood disturbance during their illness. Mood disturbances in Parkinsons Disease lead to worsening of function and quality of life.

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Track 10: Novel Insights and Therapeutics for Parkinson Disease

Dopamine loss is the major key for pathological feature of Parkinson's disease and the subsequent of levodopa have revolutionized in the field of PD therapeutics. PD-associated mutations abrogate the apparently sequential process of mitophagy at distinct steps. The enzymatic function of the mitochondrial localized kinase PINK1 is thereby essential and promotes a fast recruitment of Parkin from its uniform distribution in the cytoplasm to damaged mitochondria. The ubiquitin ligase Parkin, in turn, is required for the attachment of ubiquitin to VDAC1. The striatal medium spiny neurons, which are normally exposed to  relatively stable at synaptic release of dopamine, become ‘sensitised’ by these erratic inputs and alter their firing pattern, which causes downstream abnormalities in  neuronal activity of the basal ganglia.

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Track 11: Pediatric Movement Disorders

Pediatric movement disorders are relatively new and growing field of child neurology. Whereas hypokinetic disorders such as PD predominate in adults, children more commonly demonstrate hyperkinetic disorders such as tics, tremor, chorea, and dystonia. The central nervous systems typically implicated in disorders of movement are the basal ganglia (subthalamic nucleus,putamen, globus pallidus,  substantia nigra, caudate) and frontal cortex.

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Track 12: Non-motor complications of Parkinson Disease

Non-motor symptoms will appear throughout the course of PD, complicating the advanced phase in particular, but they are also common in the premotor phase of PD. The appearance of non-motor manifestations represents a milestone, determining a worse prognosis and less quality of life; however, they are often misdiagnosed and untreated. The spectrum of non-motor symptoms encompasses dementia, mood disorders, psychosis, sleep disorders, impulse-control disorders and autonomic dysfunctions.

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