2^nd International Conference on Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorders December 05-07, 2016 Phoenix, USA

Parkinson's disease, the most common Neuromuscular Disorders, which has a much attention from the clinical and scientific community. The Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of these hyperkinesia disorders and in muscle tone, cognitive processes, motor control and posture. Although therapies that target pathogenesis are still lacking, the management of hyperkinetic movement disorders demands that physicians are knowledgeable about current and novel pharmacological and surgical approaches. In addition to tetra benzene, a monoamine-depleting drug, new formulations of botulin toxin are being increasingly used in the treatment of these movement disorders. Hyperkinetic movement disorders include dystonia, chorea, tics, myoclonus, stereotypies, tremors, restless legs syndrome, Huntington's disease, Tardive Dystonia/ Tardive Dyskinesia, Wilson's disease, and various other disorders with abnormal involuntary movements.

Neurocognitive are those that affect the muscles and their direct nervous system control. The session describes that Cognitive and neuropsychiatric issues, Genetic syndromes and autoimmune syndromes in the hinterland of movement disorders. The Role of channelopathies in Movement disorders, clinical spectrum of dystonia’s which are responsive to dopamine-related drugs, Novel biomarkers to differentiate neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders, neurodegenerative spasticity and Aging, Parkinson related dementia, amnesia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

A risk factor is something which increases the risk of developing a condition or disease. The risk factors of Parkinson Disease are Age, Gender, Genetics, Toxin exposure, some medications and Area of residence.

Age Where Young adults rarely experience the Parkinson's disease. It begins in middle or late life.  The People usually develop the disease around age 60 or older. Heredity occurs when a close relative (mother, father, brother, sister) with Parkinson's disease which may slightly increases the chances of develop the disease. When compared to others. Men are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than the women. Even Exposure to toxins such as herbicides and pesticides may slightly increase risk of Parkinson's disease.

The Pathophysiology involves the interaction of environmental factors and host susceptibility. A small percentage of cases are genetically linked and genetic factors are being intensely studied. Physiologically, the symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease are the result of the loss of a number of neurotransmitters, most notably dopamine. Symptoms worsen over time as more and more of the cells affected by the disease are lost. The track Pathophysiology and Neuropharmacology includes Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinsonism, Management of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction, and dysphagia, Cell death, Bowel dysfunction in Parkinsonism Pathophysiological mechanisms linking Parkinson’s disease and Gaucher’s Disease.

Making an accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s particularly in its early stages — is difficult. The use of functional neuroimaging in neurodegenerative diseases has increased in recent years, with applications in research in the underlying pathophysiology, aiding in diagnosis, or evaluating new treatments. In Parkinson's disease (PD), these imaging ways have expanded our understanding of the disease on the far side dopaminergic deficits area unit of diagnostics and Neuroimaging for Parkinson disease are Clinical pathological and genetic overlap in parkinsonism, Detecting prodromal Parkinson’s disease, Nuclear imaging to study Laboratory investigations supporting the diagnosis of MSA, PSP and CBD, Utility of next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders, Clinic-genetic correlations in parkinsonian disorders, Therapeutic strategies in genetic forms of proteinopathies,  pathophysiology to new treatment strategies Insights from the laboratory and Disease-modifying, animal models and Symptomatic treatments, Update on surgical and medical treatment of the dystonia’s, Instrumental analysis of tremor, Instrumental analysis of parkinsonian symptoms, analysis of gait and postural reflexes, Neuroprotective treatments and Complementary Therapy.

Parkinson's disease is not fatal, but it can reduce longevity. The disease progresses more quickly in older patients, and may lead to severe incapacity within 10 - 20 years. Older patients also tend to have freezing and greater declines in mental function and daily functioning than younger people. If PD starts without signs of tremor, it is likely to be more severe than if tremor had been present.

Parkinson's disease will seriously impair the standard of life in many people. The physical and emotional impact on the family shouldn't be underestimated because the patient becomes more and more keen about their support. The potential complications are Swallowing issues, Sleep problems and Sleep disorders, Smell dysfunction, Sexual dysfunction, Bradykinesia, Anxiety and Depression, Obsessive compulsive behavior, Hallucinations and mental illness, Drowsiness and incontinence or retention.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disease, it is important to develop and maintain a solid PD management plan. Research has shown that those who take an active role in their care see an improvement in their Parkinson’s symptoms. While many medications treat Parkinson's, none actually reverses the effects of the disease or cures it. To managing Parkinson Disease Nutrition, Optimizing the effect of L-dopa in Parkinson Disease, Exercise, Building a health care team, Complementary therapies, Cognitive and psychiatric disturbances in atypical parkinsonian disorders"

Psychotic symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting nearly 50% of all patients over the course of the disease. Neurodegenerative  illness in the United States, affecting more than 1 million persons. Disease onset is usually after age 50. In persons older than 70 years, the prevalence is 1.5% to 2.5%.1 while the primary pathology involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, circuits important in emotion and cognition—such as the serotonergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, frontal dopaminergic pathways, Biological markers, Anxiety disorder, Depression and emotional changes, Lewy Bodies, Antipsychotics, Deep brain Stimulation.

Parkinson’s disease is that the primary growth driver of the worldwide Parkinson’s disease therapeutics. According to the estimates of the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of Parkinson’s disease was valued at over 10 million in 2012. The share of the world’s population above the age of 65 years can increase from 7-membered in 2000 to 16 PF in 2050. The therapeutics of Parkinson Disease includes designing a Clinical trial for parkinsonian disorders, Outcome of clinical trials in PSP, MSA and CBD, therapeutic options for mood, Cognition and Psychosis, Treatment of Parkinson patient with psychosis,  Rehabilitation therapies for Parkinson Disease, Medical and Surgical treatment, RNAi and antibody-based therapeutic approaches, therapies targeting autophagy in movement disorders, Isogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cells, Human embryonic stem cell-based therapies in Parkinson disease,  Novel proteinopathy based tracers for diagnosis, Therapeutic developments in the treatment of cognitive impairment,  Morphological and molecular basis of levodopa-induced dyskinesia’s, Electrophysiological, and their therapeutic implications.

A movement disorder may be a condition that arises within the brain that causes a baby to move insufficient or too little. Movement disorders will arise from medication, infection, brain injury, autoimmune disease or they'll be inheritable.

This session explains that there is increasing evidence that these disorders are autoimmune and are mediated by antibodies against cell surface or synaptic proteins and cause dysfunction within the central nervous system. Hemiplegia of childhood and rapid onset dystonia-parkinsonism are two separate movement disorders with different dominant mutations in the same gene and Myoclonus shows sudden, brief, shock like movements that may be repetitive or rhythmic.

Non-motor manifestations are integral components of Parkinson disease (PD), and they often have a greater impact on disability and quality of life.

This session will discuss many of the non-motor complications in PD, including Cognitive and neuropsychiatric issues, autonomic, sleep, and sensory difficulties that may occur and the prevalence and tools to assess non-motor features of early and advanced Parkinson’s disease.