Srinivasan Avathvadi Venkatesan
DR.M.G.R.Medical University, India
Title: Motor sensory stimulation (Modulation) in Parkinsonism
Biography
Biography: Srinivasan Avathvadi Venkatesan
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) system. Subsequent reduction in striatal dopamine results in various clinical manifestations with Tremor, Rigidity, Bradikinesia and Postural defect. The term Motor Sensory stimulation (Modulation) encompasses a broad range of treatments, both electrical and chemical, targeting various locations in the Brain and the body to achieve the desired results. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a Neurosurgical treatment used in Parkinsonism and other conditions. Electrical stimulation at high frequency in precise locations of the brain results in the restoration of the balance of the circuits that are disrupted in Parkinsonism (Parkinson Disease). Stimulation in high frequency of the sub thalamic nucleus has now become a standard Neuro Surgical therapy in Parkinson disease. Transplantation of fetal dopaminergic (DA) neurons also produces symptomatic relief. The technical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sufficient and appropriate donor fetal brain tissue are the limitations in the application of this therapy. Neural precursor cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells are going to be the potential donor cells for transplantation.In the mid-1990s, creation of targeted holes in specific areas of the brain or Lesioning were the main approaches.Repalement Cell therapy was tried in some cases.. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive way of stimulating the brain, have also shown benefit in Posture and gait in some patients of Parkinson Disease. This targeted Stereotactic thalamotomy of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) is routinely used for bilateral extrapyramidal movement disorders. This targeted neuromodulator therapies can avoid the side effects. They are easily reversible if and when occurs, they can give an important degree of therapeutic effect in patients
This communication addresses the mainly Deep Brain Stimulation,Transplantaion and Stem Cell therapy and its Frontiers of the Neurophysiological basis,technical,ethical considerations and its Therapeutic effects in Parkinsonism, Tremor and Dystonia patients.